Izixazululo ze-scaffolding
I-scaffolding isho izinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezakhiwe endaweni yokwakha ukuze abasebenzi basebenze futhi baxazulule izinto zokuhamba eziqondile nezivundlile.Ikakhulukazi ukuze izisebenzi zokwakha zisebenze phezulu naphansi noma zivikele inethi yokuphepha yangaphandle futhi zifake izingxenye endaweni ephakeme.Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-scaffolding.Ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: isistimu yesikafula esisebenzayo, isistimu yokuvikela isikafula kanye nokuthwala umthwalo kanye nesistimu yokusekela isikafula.
Ngokwendlela yokusekela yesikafula, kukhona nezikafula ezimi phansi, eziphinde zaqamba umbhoshongo wesikafula, isikafula esilengisiwe kanye nesikafula esilengisiwe.Isikafula sokukhuphuka sisonke (okubhekiselwa kuso "njengesikafula esikhuphukayo") manje sesisetshenziswa kakhulu njengohlelo oluzimele embonini yezokwakha.
Uhlelo lwe-scaffolding lungenye yezixhumanisi ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinhlelo zokwakha okuphephile kubunjiniyela bokwakha.Silubiza ngokuthi uhlelo lokuqapha okuphephile.ISampmax Construction iyakukhathalela ukuphepha kwanoma imaphi amaphrojekthi amakhasimende ethu asebenzayo.Wonke amasistimu esikafula esiwahlinzekayo ahlangabezana namazinga ahambisanayo okukhiqiza.
Sisebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwesikafula seSampmax Construction, sikhumbuza amakhasimende ukuthi anake lezi zinkinga ezijwayelekile:
Ukuxazululwa kwesisekelo kuzodala ukuguqulwa kwendawo ye-scaffold.Ukuze kuvinjwe ukubhidlika noma ukudilika okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwendawo, izinti noma izisekelo zescissor zimiswa engxenyeni ephambanayo yohlaka olugotshwe kabili, futhi isethi yezinti ezime mpo ziyamiswa zilandelana kuze kube yilapho indawo yokuguquguquka ihlelwa ngaphandle.I-horoscope noma unyawo lokusekela isikelo kufanele lubekwe phezu kwesisekelo esiqinile nesithembekile.
Ukuchezuka nokuguqulwa kwensimbi yensimbi ye-cantilever lapho i-scaffolding igxilile idlula inani elishiwo, futhi iphoyinti lehange elingemuva kwensimbi yensimbi ye-cantilever kufanele liqiniswe.Ingaphezulu lensimbi yensimbi kufanele liqiniswe ngezisekelo zensimbi kanye nabakaki abamise okwe-U ukumelana nophahla.Kunegebe phakathi kwendandatho yensimbi eshumekiwe kanye nensimbi, okumele ivikelwe nge-wedge yehhashi.Izintambo zensimbi ezisemaphethelweni angaphandle emishayo yensimbi elengayo ziyahlolwa ngayinye ngayinye futhi zonke ziyaqiniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla afanayo.
Uma isistimu yokuxhuma yokukhipha nokudonsa isikafula yonakaliswe kancane, kufanele ibuyiselwe ngokushesha ngokwendlela yokudonsa yokukhipha ehlelwe ohlelweni lokuqala, futhi izingxenye ezikhubazekile namalungu azolungiswa.Lungisa ukwakheka kwangaphandle kwesikafula ngesikhathi, yenza uxhumano oluqinile, futhi uqinise izintambo zocingo endaweni ngayinye yokukhipha ukuze wenze ukufana kwamandla, futhi ekugcineni ukhulule iketango elihlanekezelwe.
Ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukulandelana kokumiswa kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile, futhi izigxobo zodonga ezixhumayo kufanele zimiswe ngenkathi kumiswa uhlaka lwangaphandle, ukuze luxhunywe ngokuqinile kukholomu yefreyimu yesakhiwo.
Izigxobo kufanele zibe mpo, futhi izigxobo kufanele zinyakaze futhi zehliswe phansi kusukela esitezi sokuqala.Ukuchezuka kokuma kwepali eqondile akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-1/200 wobude bokumiswa, futhi phezulu kwesigxobo esiqondile kufanele kube ukuphakama okungu-1.5m kunophahla lwesakhiwo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amajoyinti ezigxobo ezime mpo kufanele asebenzise izixhumi zezinqe ngaphandle kwejoyinti lelaphu elikungqimba olungaphezulu.
Phansi kwesikafula kufanele kufakwe izinti zokushanela eziqondile nezivundlile.Induku yokushanela eqondile kufanele imiswe esigxotsheni esime mpo ingabi ngaphezu kuka-200mm kude nobuso bebhulokhi kashimu ngezixhumi ezima-engeli angakwesokudla, futhi induku yokushanela evundlile kufanele imiswe ngokushesha ngaphansi kwenduku yokushanela eqondile ngezibophelelo ze-engeli yesokudla.Epalini.
Kunenethi eyisicaba ngaphakathi kweshalofu lokusebenza, futhi izinyawo zokhuni eziwugqinsi ezingu-180mm nogqinsi ongu-50mm zihlelwa ekugcineni nangaphandle kweshalofu.I-scaffolding yesendlalelo sokusebenza kufanele ibekwe ngokugcwele futhi iqine.
Lapho ubeka i-butt yebhodi le-scaffold, kunezinduku ezimbili ezivundlile ezivundlile emajoyintini, futhi amalunga amabhodi esikafula abekwe ngokugqagqana kufanele abe phezu kwezinti ezivundlile.Alikho ibhodi lokuhlola elivunyelwe, futhi ubude bebhodi lesikafula akumele budlule ku-150mm.
I-crossbar enkulu kufanele ibekwe ngaphansi kwe-crossbar encane.Ngaphakathi kwenduku eqondile, sebenzisa izibophelelo ze-engeli yesokudla ukuze ubophe induku eqondile.Ubude be-crossbar enkulu akumele bube ngaphansi kwezingu-3 futhi bungabi ngaphansi kuka-6m.
Isetshenziswa njengohlaka lokusebenza ngesikhathi sesakhiwo kanye nesiteji sokwakhiwa komhlobiso.Kuyi-scaffold yemigqa ephindwe kabili yokubopha izigxobo enebanga eliqondile elingu-1.5m, ibanga lomugqa elingu-1.0m, nebanga lesinyathelo elingu-1.5m.
Ekumisweni, zonke ezinye izingqimba zohlaka lwangaphandle kufanele ziboshwe ngokuqinile esakhiweni ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha phakathi nenqubo yokumiswa.Ukuchezuka okuqondile nokuvundlile kwezinduku kufanele kulungiswe kanye nokumiswa, futhi izibophelelo kufanele ziqiniswe ngendlela efanele.
Amaphuzu abalulekile wokwakhiwa kokususa isikafula
Ukubhidlizwa kwesistimu yokusekela i-scaffolding kanye ne-formwork kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezidingo zamazinga afanele wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile.Ngesikhathi sokudilizwa, uphiko lokwakha nokuqondisa kufanele luhlelele abasebenzi abakhethekile abazogada.
I-scaffolding kufanele ihlakazwe kusuka phezulu kuya phansi isendlalelo ngongqimba.Ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa phezulu naphansi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele, futhi izingxenye zodonga ezixhumayo kufanele zisuswe ungqimba ngongqimba kanye nesikafula.Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlakaza yonke isendlalelo noma izingqimba ezimbalwa zodonga oluxhumayo ngaphambi kokuhlakaza isikafula.
Lapho umehluko wokuphakama wokudilizwa kwezigaba ungaphezu kwezinyathelo ezimbili, izingcezu zodonga ezixhumayo kufanele zengezwe ukuze kuqiniswe.
Uma ususa isikafula, susa intambo yamandla eseduze kuqala.Uma kunentambo kagesi egqitshwe ngaphansi komhlaba, thatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela.Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuwisa izinsimbi namapayipi ensimbi azungeze intambo yamandla.
Amapayipi ensimbi ahlakaziwe, izinto zokubopha nezinye izesekeli zivinjelwe ngokuqinile ukuthi ziphonswe phansi kusukela ekuphakameni.
Ukususwa kwesigxobo esiqondile (ubude obuyi-6m) kufanele kwenziwe ngabantu ababili.Isigxobo esime mpo phakathi kuka-30cm ngaphansi kwesigxobo esikhulu esivundlile asivunyelwe ukususwa ngumuntu oyedwa, futhi kudingeka ukuthi kuqedwe ukususwa ngaphambi kokuba kususwe isinyathelo sebhuloho lezinga eliphezulu.Ukusebenza okungalungile kungabangela kalula ukuwa okuphezulu (okuhlanganisa Abantu nezinto).
I-crossbar enkulu, i-scissor brace, ne-diagonal brace kufanele isuswe kuqala, futhi izibophelelo zezinqe ezimaphakathi kufanele zikhishwe kuqala, futhi ibhande lokugcina kufanele lisekelwe ngemva kokubamba indawo ephakathi;ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-scissor brace kanye ne-diagonal brace ingasuswa kuphela kungqimba lokubhidliza, hhayi konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, susa i-scissor brace Amabhande okuphepha kufanele agqoke ngaleso sikhathi, futhi abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu kufanele babambisane ukuze bawasuse.
Izingxenye zodonga ezixhumayo akufanele zihlakazwe kusengaphambili.Zingasuswa kuphela uma zikhishwa isendlalelo ngesendlalelo ezingxenyeni zodonga ezixhumayo.Ngaphambi kokuthi kukhishwe izingxenye zokugcina ezixhumeneyo zodonga, izisekelo zokujikijela kufanele zibekwe ezigxotsheni eziqondile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izigxobo eziqondile ziyasuswa.ukuzinza.